Case Detail

Section 200 of IPC

Introduction

Section 200 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860 deals with the offense of using false declarations knowingly in legal proceedings. This provision is intended to prevent fraudulent statements from influencing judicial decisions.

Text of Section 200 IPC

"Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false.—Whoever knowingly uses as true any declaration which he knows to be false and which declaration is by law receivable as evidence, shall be punished in the same manner as if he gave false evidence."

Key Elements of Section 200 IPC

1. Use of a Declaration

   • The accused must have used a declaration in a judicial or legal proceeding.

2. Declaration Must Be False

   • The declaration must be false and misleading in nature.

3. Knowledge of Falsity

   • The person must knowingly use the false declaration, meaning there should be intent to deceive.

4. Receivable as Evidence

   • The declaration should be of a kind that is admissible as evidence under Indian law.

Punishment Under Section 200 IPC

Since this offense relates to giving false evidence, the punishment is the same as perjury (Section 193 IPC):

• Imprisonment – Up to seven years, and
• Fine

The punishment may vary based on the gravity of the case and whether it affects a judicial decision.

Illustration (Example Case)

• A person submits a false affidavit in a court case, knowing that the information is untrue, and tries to use it to influence the judge’s decision.
• If proven, the person can be prosecuted under Section 200 IPC for using false evidence.

Difference Between Section 191, 192 & 200 IPC

Judicial Interpretations & Case Laws

1. Ram Chandra v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1957)

   • The Supreme Court held that if a person knowingly submits a false affidavit, it is punishable under Section 200 IPC.

2. Chandrika Singh v. State of Bihar (2001)

   • The court emphasized that false declarations mislead the judiciary and must be strictly punished.

Conclusion

Section 200 IPC ensures that false statements and fraudulent declarations do not affect legal proceedings. By punishing those who knowingly use false declarations, the law safeguards the integrity of the judicial process. However, proving intent and falsity beyond reasonable doubt is crucial for conviction under this section.